Supply Chain Performance Analysis of Processing Tomato Production in Thailand: A Multi-Dimensional Assessment

Background Measuring supply chain performance in agri-food systems has important implications for food security, inclusive rural development, and firm competitiveness. The processing tomato industry in Thailand provides a suitable case for examining coordination challenges in contract farming arrangements involving smallholder farmers. Methods This study develops and applies a comprehensive measurement framework comprising 56 indicators grouped into nine performance dimensions based on transaction cost economics and the SCOR model v14.0. Data were collected from 120 contracted farmers in Upper Northeastern Thailand during the 2023–2024 production season. Descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier analysis were employed to assess supply chain performance and technical efficiency. Results The results reveal substantial coordination gaps, particularly in joint problem-solving (ISP8 = 1.77 ± 1.11) and joint decision-making (ISP7 = 2.08 ± 1.09), as well as underdeveloped risk management and traceability capabilities (traceability testing capability = 31.13%). The supply chain remains economically viable with an average return on investment of 34.27% and yields of approximately 49 tonnes/hectare, although below international benchmarks of 70–80 tonnes/hectare. Average technical efficiency is estimated at 69.10%, implying considerable scope for productivity gains without additional inputs. Conclusions The study contributes to the literature by integrating relational, operational, and economic dimensions into a single framework for agricultural supply chain performance assessment in a developing country context. Policy and managerial recommendations are proposed to enhance coordination, support smallholder upgrading, and improve the international competitiveness of Thailand’s processing tomato industry. JEL Classification: Q12, Q13, D23, L14