Fabrication and Characterization of Humic Acid-Modified Fe 3 O 4 /Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite Emulsions
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Humic acid (HA)-modified Fe 3 O 4 /waterborne polyurethane (HA-FWPU) nanocomposite emulsions were successfully fabricated via a dual-modification strategy. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL-1000), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) served as the primary reactants, while HA and nano-Fe 3 O 4 were incorporated as functional modifiers. The optimal modifier content was systematically determined. Comprehensive characterization revealed that HA significantly reduced the average emulsion particle size and improved colloidal stability. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were surface-functionalized with (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (IPTS) to enhance compatibility and dispersibility within the polyurethane matrix. The incorporation of nano-Fe 3 O 4 not only improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the films but also imparted notable electrical conductivity and magnetic responsiveness. At an optimal Fe 3 O 4 loading of 2.0 wt%, the HA-FWPU3 film exhibited a tensile strength of 23.01 MPa—a 67.7% increase over the unmodified counterpart and a saturation magnetization of 6.01 emu/g. This work presents a feasible approach to designing multifunctional waterborne polyurethane composites for potential applications in electromagnetic shielding, sensors, and functional coatings.
