Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing
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Transparent, flexible temperature sensors are attractive for wearable electronics and robotic systems, yet conventional metal films compromise aesthetics while copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks suffer from severe oxidation. Here we report a high-reliability, fingerprint-patterned Cu NW temperature sensor enabled by a dual-protection architecture. Cu NW networks are semi-embedded into a PVDF film to stabilize junctions, followed by liquid-phase self-assembly growth of an ultrathin Sb 2 O 3 layer on the exposed surface. The resulting Cu NWs/PVDF@Sb 2 O 3 electrodes retain high transparency and low resistance, with negligible optoelectronic penalty and slightly improved conductivity due to favorable interfacial contact. They show minimal resistance drift under 85°C/85% RH aging, elevated temperatures, and 1% H₂O₂/NaCl exposure, and endure severe bending (down to ~ 2.5 µm radius) over 3000 cycles. The sensor exhibits linear thermoresistive response from 0-130°C with an optimized TCR of ~ 0.0032°C − 1 and excellent cycling stability.
