An Intelligent Modular Battery Architecture with Redundant Cell Swapping Mechanism

Rapid expansion of battery-power-driven technologies in electric vehicles, autonomous systems, aerospace platforms, defensesystems and medical devices has strengthened the demand of energy storage systems for safe, reliable and fault-tolerantoperations. Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and competent electrochemical properties, are characteristicallyvulnerable which leads to cell level degradation, imbalance, and even failure. Battery Packs of large scale are composed ofseveral cells (hundreds or thousands). The failure of a single cell in the large scale battery packs can significantly result indegradation of performance of the system. And in extreme cases it could also lead to the shutdown of complete system. Thepaper presents a comprehensive modeling of the battery module by incorporating redundant cell switching mechanism thatwhich provides a simulation framework which can act as an intelligent fault tolerant battery module using MATLAB and Simulink.The battery module of the battery pack is designed in such a way that it consists two primary cells and a redundant cell whichare interconnected and are controlled by switching network comprising nine electronically controlled switches. The controlalgorithm implemented to monitor the cell voltage, current, State of Charge (SOC) continuously and dynamically reconfiguresthe topology if the module considering the primary cell voltage reaching the predefined threshold value. The modular designenables scalable integration of such multiple modules to form a complete battery pack, offering enhanced reliability, faultisolation, and maintainability. The system proposed is validated in the simulation environment in detail and is followed bythe incorporation of cell balancing hence by demonstrating the suitability for applying in the advanced battery managementsystems where safety-critical applications play a vital role.