Association between Sleep Duration and the Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Comorbid Symptoms among PIVAS Staff in China: Cross-Sectional Study

Background Insufficient sleep is a serious risk factor of mental disorders. However, the research evidence remains quite limited among the personnel working at Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS). It is therefore the purpose of this research to explore the relationship between the length of sleep and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and co-morbidity among PIVAS personnel in China. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,525 PIVAS employee members between May and October 2025. The research utilized the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to identify depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) to identify symptoms of anxiety. Sleep duration was measured and grouped into three to represent the main exposure of interest (8–10 h, 6–7 h, and 3–5 h). The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were measured. The study protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500114132). Results Prevalences of depression, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms among PIVAS personnel were 14.6%, 6.7%, and 5.9%, respectively. After adjusting for demographics, occupation, and lifestyle variables, a significantly increased risk for depression (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 3.4–8.5), anxiety (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.3–8.4), and co-symptoms (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 2.5–9.9) was found for short sleep (3–5 h) compared to the reference group (8–10 h) ( P  < 0.001). There was a significant dose response trend (trend P  < 0.001). These findings reveal a significantly high prevalence of mental illnesses among male employees working with PIVAS, as well as among persons < 25 years old. Conclusions Based on the results of the research, the major risk factor for the development of depression, anxiety and comorbid symptoms with PIVAS is sleeping for a shorter period of time. The group of people at a high risk of developing mental health issues is males and those under 25 age.