Efficacy of Jump Training on Lower Limb Power in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Background : Population ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in neuromuscular function, most critically manifested by the loss of muscle power, or powerpenia. Lower limb power is a more robust predictor of functional capacity, fall risk, and mortality in older adults than muscle strength alone. Interventions specifically targeting the velocity component of force production, such as jumptraining (JT) or plyometric exercises, emergeas a promising strategy. Objective : This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of jump training on muscle power and strength in the lower limbs of older adults. Methods : We conducted a systematic review according to the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) involving adults aged ≥60 years, comparing JT with control groups, were included. Primary outcomes were lower limb muscle power and strength. Secondary outcomes included adverse events. Results : Analysis of the included RCTs demonstrated that JT is an effective exercise modality for enhancing Muscle Power and Muscle Strength. It was also safe and feasible when performed under qualified supervision. However, efficacyin reducing fall risk was inconsistent, suggesting that the translation of power gains into fall prevention depends on the specific composition of the exercise program. The available evidence, while positive, is marked by high methodological heterogeneity, which warrants caution in generalising the findings and reinforces the need for high-quality RCTs to consolidate clinical recommendations. Conclusion : Jump training is an effective, safe, and feasible intervention for improving lower limb muscle power and strength in older adults. Its inclusion in exercise programmes for older adults is strongly justified, although its specificimpact on fall reduction requires further investigation with standardised protocols.