Interventions with dual benefits for climate change and nutrition: a systematic scoping review, mapping and synthesis

The twin crises of malnutrition and food insecurity are intensified by climate change, while global food systems and diets are major drivers of greenhouse gas emissions, creating a critical need for interventions benefiting both climate and nutrition. Synthesized evidence on interventions with dual benefits remains limited. We conducted a systematic scoping review and mapping of 607 studies across food systems, social protection, health, and water sectors, complemented by an interactive Evidence and Gap Map. We synthesized quantitative findings from 124 experimental and quasi-experimental studies, revealing that most interventions improve food security and some nutrition indicators, and many mitigate emissions. However, study quality is generally low, and evidence from low-income countries and vulnerable populations, including women and children, is scarce. We offer a comprehensive resource to inform policy and program design aimed at achieving synergistic climate and nutrition goals, highlighting priorities for future research and investment to optimize co-benefits across contexts.