Donating Blood and Its Components: A Study of Motivational Factors and Challenges Among University Students in Poltava, Ukraine, During War

Background Donated blood has been an important strategic resource ever since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While university students are crucial global reserves for the blood donor movement, they remain impeded by a lack of information and myths around blood donation. This study analyzes the awareness of the medical and non-medical students in Poltava during the war regarding blood donation as well as their personal experiences and motivational factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 20 to November 15, 2025, and involved the completion of the anonymous Google Forms survey by 437 students in four institutions of higher learning in Poltava. The participants were grouped into two groups: medical students (n = 192) and non-medical students (n = 245). Analysis (chi-square test) was performed. Results The previous donation experience was only observed in 21% of respondents and medical students reported being more active (38.5%) than non-medical students (7.3%; p < 0.00001). On the other hand, medical students possessed a significantly greater extent of knowledge concerning blood donation locations (83.9% of participants compared to 40.4%; p < 0.00001) and their own blood types. The most common barriers were described as medical contraindications (74.1%), lack of knowledge (71.6%) and fear of needles (54.9%). The primary motivator for 78.3% of donors was a wish to assist wounded soldiers and civilians in war. Patriotic duty was mentioned as one of the strongest motivators by 68.6%, among all respondents. Conclusions Although Poltava's student youth share a favorable attitude towards such donation, their participation is inhibited by a lack of information, especially among non-medical students. The study emphasizes the critical need to ensure the integration of blood donation education within university curricula under national defense priorities and the engagement of social media for directed promotional activities.