Attempted Suicide: Lived Experiences of Refugees in Rhino Camp, West Nile Uganda

Background Suicide is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and every year, more people die as a result of suicide than HIV, malaria, breast cancer, war, and homicide. Suicide rates are high among vulnerable groups that experience discrimination, such as refugees and migrants. Purpose This study explored the lived experiences of refugees who attempted suicide in Rhino Camp, West Nile, Uganda, using Thomas Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide attempts as a theoretical framework. Methods This study employed an Interpretative Phenomenological Research design and purposive sampling techniques to choose 15 participants (seven key informants and eight suicide survivors) to ensure an in-depth analysis of qualitative data. Face-to-face interviews using in-depth interview guides and observations were used to gather data. The study data were collected between June and July 2023. Results After the thirteenth interview, saturation was achieved with no new insights emerging beyond this point. The participants described a broad set of interconnected subjective experiences and triggers shaping suicide attempts among refugees in Rhino Camp which included domestic violence and relationships, mental illness, financial difficulties, inadequate food deliveries, traumatic past, psychological distress, social isolation, and cultural stigma. Participants identified several supportive systems such as community and family support, role of religious, cultural, and opinion or other leaders, and health facilities support. Refugee suicide attempt survivors’ also described personal coping mechanisms, and highlighted the role of psychosocial support providers operating within Rhino camp. Conclusions Complex and intersecting social, economic, and psychological challenges that limit help-seeking and heighten vulnerability shape suicide attempts among refugees in Rhino Camp. Strengthening community-based, culturally responsive mental health services and creating safe spaces for open dialogue and counseling may enhance support for refugee suicide survivors and contribute to reducing suicide risk within refugee settings.