Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Al- Zuhrah district, Al-Hodeidah Government, Yemen, 2022

Background : Asymptomatic malaria represents a significant health issue, especially in endemic regions where asymptomatic individuals serve as reservoir. In Yemen, Al-Hodeidah governorate is identified as the primary endemic area. This study aims to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Al-Zuhra District, Al-Hodeidah Governorate. Methods : A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. Multistage sampling method was carried out along with probability proportional to size to select villages and households. At each household, one individual from the eligible members who have not suffered from malaria symptoms and agreed to participate was randomly selected. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from participants along with blood samples that have been tested for malaria by Rapid Diagnostic Test. Logistic regression were used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratio (APOR) 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value < 0.05 were considered for significance associated factors. Results : A total of 422 participants, with an average age of 35.7±11 years, were enrolled in the study. Of these, 47% were male, and 62% had a family size of more than 5. The overall prevalece of a symptomatic malaria was five percent, with the majority (95%) identified as Plasmodium falciparum. Absence of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) in homes (APOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.9, P=0.04), absence of window screens (APOR 7.3, 95% CI 1.8-29.1, P=0.001), not using ITN (APOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-6.7, P=0.02), and living close to stagnant water (APOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.9-16.9, P=0.001) were the associated factors with asymptomatic malaria. Conclusion : This study showed that asymptomatic malaria is prevalent among population in Al-Zuhra District; however, the absence of or unimplemented mosquito control measures was the associated factor. To reduce malaria infection, community participation in malaria control measures through increased awareness and involving community volunteers during the distribution of ITN and other control activities is recommended.