Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus)
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The golden trevally ( Gnathanodon speciosus ) is an economically vital marine species in tropical and subtropical fisheries and aquaculture, yet its genomic resources remain underdeveloped. This study presents the first haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly of G. speciosus , combining PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Hi-C scaffolding, and short-read data. The assembled genome spans 600.31 Mb (N50 = 21.45 Mb) and is anchored to 24 chromosomes with a 97.3% anchoring rate. Genome annotation revealed 22,413 protein-coding genes, 22.71% repetitive sequences, and 10,233 non-coding RNAs. Comparative genomic analyses uncovered significant gene family expansions/contractions and positively selected genes enriched in environmental adaptation and developmental processes. Divergence time estimation placed G. speciosus within the Carangidae lineage. This genome provides a foundational resource for evolutionary studies, aquaculture breeding, and adaptation mechanisms in carangid fishes.
