Effectiveness of Structured Mindfulness-Based Interventions Versus Usual Care in Reducing Psychological Distress and Improving Quality of Life among Stroke patients

Background : Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, with survivors often experiencing significant psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, which can impact overall recovery and quality of life. Traditional rehabilitation approaches may not fully address these challenges. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have shown promise in managing psychological distress in stroke patients, but existing research is heterogeneous, creating gaps in evidence synthesis. Objective : This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured MBIs compared to usual care in reducing psychological distress and improving quality of life among stroke patients and survivors by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods : Following the PICOS framework, we conducted a systematic review of RCTs published within the last 10 years. The search strategy included multiple databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results : Eight RCTs with 587 participants were included. Interventions included MBSR, MBCT, and tailored programs like HEADS: UP. Significant improvements were observed in depression and anxiety, with large effect sizes (Cohen's d: 0.86–0.91; p < 0.05). Quality of life, cognition, sleep, motor function, and self-care also improved. Delivery methods were diverse (online, in-person, hybrid, audio-guided) with high completion rates (66.7%–99%). Conclusions : Structured MBIs can effectively reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life among stroke patients and survivors. The diverse delivery methods and adaptations highlight the potential for these interventions to be tailored to the unique needs of stroke survivors. Future research should focus on standardized reporting practices and further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of MBIs in stroke rehabilitation.