Spatial Optimization of EV Charging Stations Siting Near Surplus Energy Areas

This study presents a spatial optimization approach for siting electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) by integrating surplus solar energy simulation with GIS-based analysis. Using Fukuoka City, Japan as a case study, we identify buildings generating surplus photovoltaic energy and overlay these with road networks, peak-hour service areas, and land-use constraints to locate underserved zones. A 5-minute driving service area assesses accessibility, and a location-allocation model is applied to maximize coverage while minimizing the number of facilities. The analysis proposes 41 new EVCS sites in addition to 64 existing ones, creating a citywide network that supports emergency and in-transit charging needs. This supply-sensitive method links decentralized energy resources with localized charging demand, offering practical insights for renewable energy integration and strategies for resilient, efficient, and equitable EVCS deployment.