Impact of HIV infections on Individual Wealth: Evidence from Ordered Logistic Regression Across Twelve Sub-Saharan African Countries (2015–2022 PHIA Data)

Background This study identifies factors influencing individual wealth level among individuals in twelve sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, using nationally representative data. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using pooled individual-level data from twelve SSA countries. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between socio-demographic and health-related variables and individual wealth status, which serves as a proxy for health-related expenditure capacity. Results Five variables were found to be statistically significant predictors of individual wealth status. University-level education was strongly associated with higher wealth quintiles (OR = 3.17, p < 0.001). Viral load suppression correlated positively with wealth (OR = 0.28, p < 0.001), suggesting better health outcomes aligning with economic advantage. Age showed a gradient effect, with individuals aged 56–65 having the highest odds of wealth accumulation relative to younger cohorts (OR = 0.92, p < 0.001). Income status was a critical determinant, as individuals without income had markedly lower odds of being wealthy (OR = − 0.28, p < 0.001). Rural residency was negatively associated with wealth status (OR = − 3.57, p < 0.001), highlighting urban-rural disparities. Conclusions Educational attainment, viral load suppression, age, income status, and urban residency significantly influence individual wealth status across SSA countries. These findings underscore the need for integrated health and economic policies that address structural inequalities and promote equitable access to education, healthcare, and income-generating opportunities.