Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dentists in India Regarding Geriatric Oral Healthcare and Polypharmacy Management: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The global population is ageing rapidly, presenting significant challenges to oral healthcare systems. Geriatric patients often present with complex oral conditions compounded by polypharmacy and systemic comorbidities. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Indian dentists concerning geriatric oral healthcare and polypharmacy management, guided by the KAP theoretical model. Methods A nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among practicing dentists in India between May and July 2025. A validated, self-administered questionnaire collected data on demographics, KAP, and awareness of tools like GOHAI, FORTA, and Beers Criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, multiple linear regression, and Pearson's correlation. Results Of 1511 dentists, most (98.7%) routinely treated geriatric patients and modified treatment plans (97.4%). The proportion of dentists with good knowledge (8.2%) and practical skills (12.1%) was much lower than their positive attitude (71.5%). Primary communication barriers were patient confusion (30.5%) and lack of understanding (23.8%). Prevalent oral conditions were tooth loss (50.6%) and periodontitis (37.0%). Dentists' primary medication-related concerns were adverse drug reactions (39.2%). A significant knowledge gap was identified, with 68.9% unaware of FORTA or Beers Criteria. A strong positive correlation was found between oral health changes and medication concerns (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that years of experience, practice setting, and prior geriatric training significantly affected the total KAP score (adjusted R² = 0.218, p < 0.001). Conclusion While dentists in India are actively engaged in treating the elderly, a substantial gap exists in the systematic application of evidence-based geriatric assessment and polypharmacy management tools. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted educational interventions and health policy reforms.