Preventive dentistry competence and self-care behaviors among dentists in Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus: a cross-sectional study

Background Dentists play a key role in preventing dental caries through patient education and implementation of evidence-based strategies. Their own oral hygiene behaviors and self-perceived competence in preventive care can influence their clinical practice. This study assessed personal oral hygiene habits, preventive knowledge, and competence among dentists in the capital cities of Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,316 practicing dentists in Yerevan, Chisinau, and Minsk. The 40-item structured questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic and professional characteristics, oral hygiene and dietary behaviors, knowledge of caries prevention, and preventive clinical practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results Participants had a mean age of 39.9 ± 11.4 years, and 65.6% were women. Most dentists reported brushing their teeth twice daily or more (90.9%) and using interdental cleaning aids daily (77.3%). Daily use of fluoride toothpaste was reported by 48.3% of respondents. However, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste varied markedly across countries: 22.5% in Armenia, 19.0% in Moldova, and 71.9% in Belarus (p < 0.001). Nearly all participants felt competent to provide preventive dental care (91.8%) and oral health education (94.3%), while over half agreed that more training in preventive dentistry should be provided in undergraduate curricula. The majority demonstrated sound knowledge of preventive measures such as fluoride use, sugar reduction, and sealants, and most reported routinely advising patients on oral hygiene, diet, and regular check-ups (mean knowledge scores of 37.7 ± 5.3, 40.2 ± 4.7, and 40.8 ± 4.3 for Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus, respectively, (p < 0.001)). Belarusian dentists reported the highest adherence to preventive recommendations for patients, including fluoride advice and dietary counseling (p < 0.001). Tobacco use was reported by 13.8% of participants, mainly among men. Conclusions Dentists in Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus generally showed favorable oral hygiene habits, high self-reported competence, and positive attitudes toward preventive dentistry. Continued emphasis on preventive oral health education and reinforcement of evidence-based practices—particularly regarding fluoride use and patient counseling—can further enhance the preventive role of dental professionals in this region.