Deep Exploration of the Physical Mechanism of Light in Moving Medium Based on the Fizeau Experiment

This study focuses on an in-depth exploration of the characteristics of light propagation velocity in a moving medium. The traditional argumentation based on the relativistic velocity addition principle for the Fizeau experiment constitutes an approximate proof with certain limitations (where the medium's moving velocity v < < c). To overcome this dilemma, we have constructed a physical model distinct from the traditional relativistic velocity addition principle, taking into full consideration the wave-particle duality of light, particularly its particle-like nature.This model vividly illustrates the dynamic process of photon movement within the medium and the interactions between photons and medium molecules. Through this model, we can visually observe how photons exchange energy with the medium under the influence of an electric field and conduct an in-depth analysis of how changes in the relative velocities between photons and the electric field, as well as between photons and the medium, collectively affect the propagation velocity of light in the medium. It clearly presents the mechanical landscape of interactions among the electric field, photons, and the medium.To verify this physical model, we simulated the motion of a small ball within the medium using a computer, accurately calculating the ball's velocity and comparing it with the theoretical predictions based on the Fizeau experiment. The simulation results align perfectly with the theoretical predictions, strongly supporting the validity of our proposed model.This study innovatively provides a proof that does not require approximation, representing a significant breakthrough compared to the traditional approximate argumentation (where the medium's moving velocity v < < c) based on the relativistic velocity addition principle for the Fizeau experiment. This research deepens our understanding of the propagation velocity of light in a moving medium. The clear mechanical landscape facilitates the analysis and calculation of energy exchange between light and the medium, particularly offering new research perspectives and methods for application fields that require precise control of light energy.