Epidemiological and Biological Study of Infections in Pregnant Women: General Prevalence and In-Depth Analysis of Urinary Tract Infections

Background During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes significant changes that affect her physiology and immune system. These changes can diminish her natural defenses, making her more sensitive and more vulnerable to infections. This research aims to evaluate the nature and frequency of infections affecting pregnant women, focusing on urinary tract infection by identifying the causative organisms and assessing their antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods A retrospective study based on the analysis of the medical records of 330 pregnant women who had having consulting for symptoms of infection, this analysis was designed to evaluate the most common types of infection during pregnancy. A biological study involving the cytobacteriological examination (CBEU) of 92 urine samples from pregnant women. Microorganisms from positive samples have been tested for sensitivity to antimicrobial agents by using the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results The researchers measured the average age of the 330 pregnant women at 29 years; the majority of infections occurred during the initial two trimesters of pregnancy. Urinary tract infections were revealed to be the most common type of infection in the analysis, accounting for 31.5% of cases. The prevalence of urinary tract infections among the study population was 25%. Urine cultures from 23 patients revealed the presence of a pathogen. Among gram-negative bacteria, the most prevalent isolate was Escherichia coli , and among gram-positive bacteria, the most common isolate was Enterococcus spp ., as well as yeasts belonging to the genus Candida . Most of the antibiotics tested showed a very low level of resistance (12–30%) to Gram-negative bacteria, while most of the antibiotics tested showed high resistance (> 50%) to Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion Our study highlights cases of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the importance of enhanced surveillance and appropriate treatment strategies. This improves the care provided to both mother and fetus.