Association Between the Levels of Mouth Rinse Interleukin-1 Beta and Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 With Serum C- Reactive Protein in Periodontitis- Associated Systemic Inflammation

Background: The treatment of periodontitis has been shown to reduce the inflammatory burden of systemic inflammatory conditions. A validated marker of systemic inflammation, serum C-reactive protein has been used to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation and periodontal inflammation, however, the relationship between serum C-reactive protein, mouth rinse interleukin 1-beta and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the better marker of periodontitis-associated systemic inflammation between mouth rinse interleukin 1-beta and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 as assessed by serum C-reactive protein. Methods : A total of 60 participants were recruited for the study, 30 periodontally healthy and 30 participants with periodontitis, without any systemic diseases. Measurements of the probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss at baseline and at 3 months carried out. Data collected was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Package, Pearson correlation analysis for correlating the mouth rinse biomarkers with the serum biomarker and also for the correlation of the biomarkers with periodontal status. Logistic regression analysis (Mixed model) was done to adjust for confounders. Results: Active matrix metalloproteinase-8, significantly and positively correlated with serum C-reactive protein at baseline (r=0.6, p<0.00) and at 3 months follow up (r=0.7, p<0.00) in the test group. Mixed model regression analysis showed that interleukin 1-beta was the only predictor of the mean change in the severity of periodontitis as measured by probing pocket depth (β=1.57, p=0.01, CI=0.36-2.76) and clinical attachment loss (β=-1.71, p=0.00, CI=-2.83- -0.59) post non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions: Interleukin 1-beta predicted the mean change in the severity of periodontitis post non-surgical periodontal therapy whereas active matrix metalloproteinase-8 did not. However, only active matrix metalloproteinase-8 significantly correlated with serum C-reactive protein. Therefore, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 may be a better marker of periodontitis-associated systemic inflammation. Trial registration: retrospectively registered