Assessment of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Lung Function Among Quarry Workers

Background: Occupational lung diseases are common among quarry workers due to exposure to dust and chemicals. This study examines FeNO levels, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and occupational lung disease prevalence, focusing on safety practices in a stone quarry. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 107 quarry workers using a universal sampling method. Health data were collected via a validated modified British Medical Research Council Questionnaire. Objective data included spirometry, chest imaging, FeNO measurement, and full lung function tests, followed by High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the Thorax if indicated. Results: Among quarry workers, 68.2% had normal spirometry, 25.2% showed Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) ventilatory defects, and 6.6% had obstructive ventilatory defects. Most had low FeNO levels (57%), with 25.2% at intermediate and 17.8% at high levels. Respiratory symptoms included breathlessness (25.2%), chest tightness (19.6%), and cough (15.9%). Administrators and site workers show similar results in FeNO and lung function tests. Only 52.3% occasionally adhered to respirators. Occupational lung disease prevalence was 5.6%. No significant correlations were identified between FeNO levels, symptoms, smoking, PPE use, or disease. However, more prolonged dust exposure was linked to reduced lung function. Conclusions: The findings indicate that site and administrative personnel within the quarry industry face comparable risks of occupational lung disease, with observed lung function impairment and variable FeNO levels across the workforce. The occupational lung disease prevalence rate of 5.6% exceeds previously reported local figures, underscoring the necessity for improved dust control measures and consistent use of personal protective equipment among all employees. Strengthening safety protocols, including rigorous enforcement of PPE usage and strategic workplace modifications, is essential to mitigate health risks and reduce the burden of occupational lung diseases in this sector.