Unraveling the Effects of Fracture Density and Intensity on Reservoir Connectivity and Flow Behavior

Understanding the factors that influence fluid flow in fractured reservoirs is crucial for optimizing production and enhancing reservoir management. While extensive studies have focused on network characterization, the direct influence of density and intensity of fractures on flow behavior remains largely unexplored, which is a critical aspect of fracture modeling. This study aims to investigate the relative importance of fracture density versus intensity in determining fluid flow behavior in fractured rock formations. This research analyzes geometrical parameters of a set of seven Odling’s fracture outcrops from the Devonian sandstone of the Hornelen Basin, Norway. Fracture density and intensity are evaluated with the application of Matlab toolbox, FracPaQ2D. Additionally, node-based connectivity is assessed through relative abundance of fractures, while percolation connectivity is estimated based on geometric extension of fracture traces. Flow simulations are performed using TRACE3D, by converting these fracture maps into permeability grids through the application of Fracture Continuum model. A comparative analysis of these parameters, examines how variations in density and intensity impact key flow parameters such as time of flights (TOFs) and fluid recovery. The results indicate that, although both fracture density and intensity are important, the fracture intensity exerts a more significant influence on fluid flow within a fractured media. This is because fracture intensity directly controls the percolation connectivity of the fracture network, which is a critical determinant of flow pathways. Specifically, it is influences by the formation and extent of the largest spanning clusters that facilitate fluid movement. Consequently, variations in fracture intensity can significantly alter reservoir permeability and fluid flow. These findings have significant implications for improving reservoir characterization and modeling, ultimately aiding in the optimization of hydrocarbon extraction, geothermal energy production, and carbon sequestration strategies.