Analysing the Connectivity of Fracture Networks Using Natural Fracture Characteristics in the Khairi Murat Range, Potwar Region, Northern Pakistan

Rock fracture connectivity is a developing concept that demonstrates the effectiveness of fracture networks in facilitating the preferential flow of fluid through the medium. This study demonstrates the significance and effect of fracture parameters in determining the connectivity of fracture networks. An attempt is made to define parameters of fracture, such as fracture density, length, and the quotient of dispersion in their orientation, in addition to understanding the characteristics of fracture and the connectivity of the fracture network in a specified domain. The results based on field observations and measurements at outcrops of the Khairi Murat Range, including the study of field photographs and images, indicate that the Fractional Connected Area (FCA) significantly determines the connectivity of fracture networks and, conversely, depends upon the fracture parameters. Eight fracture sets identified in the study area represent the intensity of dispersion of the strike angles of the fractures. The angular dispersion, i.e., Fisher Coefficient of strike angle of the fracture sets, ranges from 0.26 to 1, indicating that the fracture sets are systematic and concentrated in one direction. Although fracture density and length establish a linear relationship, fracture network connectivity is surprisingly independent of length. Scale-dependent fracture length plays a significant role in serving as the “backbone” of the network in the connectivity of the fracture system. Instead of length and size of cluster, fracture network connectivity is affected by fracture orientation and density. Characterization of fracture properties-based approach successfully explores the connectivity of fracture networks on an outcrop scale.