3D Holographic Technology for University Students in International Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Pedagogical Models, Benefits, and Implementation Strategies

The incorporation of 3D hologram technology into higher education teaching is a notable development in immersive and virtual pedagogy. The review examines its effect through theoretical underpinnings, pedagogical frameworks, implementation strategies, and empirical data. Built on the assumptions of cognitive load theory, constructivism, and embodied learning, holography fosters deeper student engagement, enhances spatial awareness, and improves memory. Models such as flipped classrooms, virtual labs, and telepresence lectures have yielded encouraging results, particularly in medicine, engineering, and design. Important factors in implementation include curriculum alignment, faculty training, and the readiness of the infrastructure. Despite cost and scalability issues, the results affirm the increasing potential of holography in creating interactive, inclusive, and efficient higher education.