Analysis the Distribution Pattern of biodiversity around Plateau Lake: A Composite Indicator Approach Using Habitat Quality Models and MaxEnt Models

Increasing fragmentation of habitats is accelerating the loss of biodiversity, especially in ecologically fragile green space(GSs) in high-altitude cities. The scientific assessment distribution patterns of biodiversity(DPOB) in Circum-Erhai lake region(CELR) is of great significance for the sustainability. We identified GSs using fractional vegetation coverage. The InVEST habitat quality (HQ) module assessed HQ, while GIS evaluated ecological sensitivity (ES). Subsequently, we used the MaxENT model to predict suitable living areas for key species. Finally, HQ, ES, and species distribution results served as biodiversity proxies to predict DPOB. Key findings: (1) CELR's overall biodiversity is relatively high, showing a "high in forests, low along Erhai shores" pattern. (2) Core GSs are scarce (1.21% of total GS area). (3) High-ecosystem-quality GSs dominate in high-altitude forests (77.6%). (4) Key-species-suitable GSs (19.34%) are mainly on Erhai's western flatlands. (5) Non-suitable areas cover 201.73 km² (18.59%). These findings help identify priority protected areas and promote the development of sustainable management strategies for GSs.