Aligning Artificial Intelligence with One Health Strategies: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework for Health Systems Strengthening

This systematic review explores the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and the One Health approach to strengthen global health systems, focusing on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-sectoral health threats. Drawing on 12 studies identified through a rigorous extraction process, the review addresses the pressing need for innovative strategies in health systems strengthening (HSS). AI’s transformative potential is evident in its applications for predictive analytics, diagnostics, and decision support, as demonstrated by machine learning models forecasting AMR trends and whole genome sequencing enhancing pathogen surveillance . Aligning AI with One Health leverages data integration and analytics to bridge these gaps, promising improved resilience and equity in health systems as of July 2025. The review assesses AI’s integration into health systems, identifying opportunities in real-time monitoring and scalability, alongside challenges like ethical deployment and interoperability. A novel conceptual framework is proposed, synthesizing evidence to guide AI enhanced One Health strategies, emphasizing empirical validation and governance solutions. Recommendations include pilot testing the framework, addressing data quality concerns, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration. The potential impact envisions AI driven One Health as a cornerstone of future health systems, redefining responses to global threats.