AI-Driven Innovations in NCD Management: Challenges and Solutions Based on Expert Perspectives in Iran’s Health System

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely regarded as a transformative technology in healthcare, particularly in the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, in developing countries like Iran, little is known about the readiness of health systems to effectively integrate AI. This study aimed to examine the challenges and benefits of AI implementation in NCD prevention from the perspective of Iranian health experts. Methods: This qualitative study employed conventional content analysis following the approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 34 experts specializing in medicine, health system management, medical ethics, and information technology. Participants were purposively selected from Type 1, 2, and 3 medical universities across Iran between March 2025 and July 2025. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software (version 20). Findings: The study identified seven main themes and 30 sub-themes through content analysis, categorized into two key domains: (1) the advantages and opportunities of using artificial intelligence (AI) in non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention, and (2) the challenges and barriers to its implementation in Iran’s health system. Key benefits included enhanced primary care effectiveness, personalized interventions, resource optimization , and improved data-driven decision-making . Conversely, major barriers encompassed inadequate technological infrastructure , poorly structured data , ethical and legal concerns , cultural resistance , and a workforce unprepared for adopting new technologies . Conclusion: The effective and sustainable integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into Iran’s health system for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention requires four key enablers : (1) robust technological infrastructure, (2) enhanced human capital, (3) well-defined legal and ethical frameworks, and (4) an adaptive organizational culture. Only by addressing these prerequisites can AI transition from a theoretical potential to a practical tool for policymaking and preventive interventions.