An organic spiking artificial neuron with excitatory and inhibitory synapses: towards soft and flexible organic neuromorphic processing

Artificial neurons are key components of neuromorphic computing systems, which aim to emulate the structure and functions of biological neural networks for efficient, brain-like computation. However, most artificial neurons rely on rigid, silicon-based technologies that are poorly suited for integration with soft structures, such as soft robots or biological organisms. Here, we report the first organic spiking neuron equipped with excitatory and inhibitory synapses, constructed from complementary organic field-effect transistors and capacitors, all integrated on the same physically flexible substrate. The circuit emulates key neural functions including signal integration, frequency modulation, coincidence detection, and tunable synaptic weights. The synapses demonstrate excitatory and inhibitory time constants of 60\,ms and 280\,ms, respectively. The neuron exhibits linear response properties, with output firing rates in the range 0 to 60\,Hz. We showcase the neuron's ability to interact with the environment, by embedding it in a light-control feedback loop that adjusts luminance based on ambient light intensity. This work establishes a foundation for flexible, and low-power neuromorphic systems with the potential for direct integration with soft, or living tissue, paving the way for next-generation scalable and biocompatible intelligent sensory-processing systems.