Health Managers’ Perspectives on Utilization and Barriers of Health Apps in Indonesian Maternal Health Services: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background Internet-based healthcare has raised polarizing opinions due to differing evidence of its positive and negative effects, particularly in maternal-fetal health services. The usability and sustainability of digital technology, including mobile health applications, rely on collaboration among health services leaders, policymakers, and health professionals. However, little is known about their views on the use of internet-based healthcare in maternal health services during the rapid digital transformation program in Indonesia's health sector. This study aims to explores the perspectives of health managers in using internet-based technology and mobile applications in maternal health services. Methods A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied to conduct focus group discussions at three research locations in Indonesia (Garut, Ambon, Kupang) at the end of 2024. The sample included 20 policymakers and health professionals with managerial roles who were purposefully chosen for the study. Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a framework analysis with a general inductive approach. Results Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three main themes: (1) Variety of health applications for maternal health records and reports; (2) Advantages of digitizing registries and applications for pregnancies; and (3) Barriers and challenges in the use of applications in maternal health services. The number of health apps utilized in maternal health services is extensive; each has a different purpose and content, and some have overlapping data. Conclusion The maternal-fetal health service in Indonesia have incorporated an internet-based system for various purposes. However, challenges are still frequently reported, including inadequate facilities, limited internet networks, low or unskilled human resources, and non-standardized monitoring and evaluation. This urges the necessity of a multisectoral collaboration in optimizing the purpose and functions of an internet-based healthcare service. Further studies on developing a comprehensive, standardized, and integrated application to improve the maternal-fetal health service in Indonesia.