Factors associated with quality of life in older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a single-center cross- sectional study

Background The increasing number of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) has highlighted the need to improve their quality of life (QOL). While PD has been shown to benefit QOL compared to hemodialysis, the factors influencing QOL in older patients are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with QOL in elderly patients undergoing PD, focusing on physical function and activities of daily living (ADLs). Methods This cross-sectional study included 30 ambulatory patients aged > 65 years, who had been undergoing PD for at least three months. QOL was assessed using the EuroQol 5 dimensions 5-level (EQ5D) scale. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and physical performance metrics, including the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), handgrip strength, and short physical performance battery (SPPB), were used to assess functional capacity. Spearman’s coefficient and multiple regression models were used to identify factors associated with QOL. Results The mean age of participants was 75.6 ± 7.5 years, and the median PD duration was 48 months. The mean EQ5D score was 0.89 ± 0.15. Pain/discomfort (33.3%) and mobility issues (26.7%) were the most frequently reported problems. Significant correlations were found between EQ5D scores and 6MWD (r = 0.46), SPPB score (r = 0.50), and FIM motor scores (r = 0.52). Multiple regression showed that FIM motor scores were independently associated with QOL (p < 0.01), even after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions QOL in elderly PD patients is closely related to physical function and ADLs, rather than renal function or nutritional status. Interventions that improve physical function may enhance QOL in this population. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered at inception in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry under identification number UMIN000038405.