`4exploring Factors Affecting Health-related Quality of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requires hemodialysis, which significantly impacts multiple aspects of patient well-being. Understanding how demographic factors influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in this population is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aims to assess the effect of demographic characteristics—age, sex, education, and occupation—on HRQOL in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 44 adults receiving biweekly hemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. Patients included were over 20 years old and had been on maintenance hemodialysis for at least six months. HRQOL was measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) instrument, encompassing physical, mental, and disease-specific domains. Data collection involved structured interviews and observational checklists. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to evaluate the association between demographic variables and HRQOL. Results: Among the participants, 79.5% were classified as having good quality of life and 20.5% as fair. Educational level and occupational status were significantly associated with HRQOL (p < 0.05). Patients aged above 50 years reported a higher burden of symptoms, while male participants achieved better physical health scores, and female participants achieved higher mental health scores. Most patients were unemployed and had only primary education. All patients fell into a low-income category and had comorbid diabetes and hypertension. No participants were classified as having poor quality of life. Conclusions: Demographic characteristics, particularly education and employment status, play a crucial role in shaping HRQOL for individuals on hemodialysis. Tailored interventions addressing educational and occupational barriers, alongside medical care, are essential to enhance patient quality of life and overall well-being.