Evaluation of a Nepalese-language Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Scale Applied to Periodontal Disease (OHIP-14-PD): A Reliability and Validation Study

Background Chronic periodontal disease is a significant oral health issue affecting approximately 18% of the adult population in Nepal. While there have been advancements in understanding its causes, prevention, and management, the occurrence and disease severity have not significantly decreased This study aims to adapt and validate the Oral Health Impact Profile applied to periodontal disease (OHIP-14-PD) questionnaire by experts to evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the Nepalese population using the Nepalese language. Methods After completion of translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation process in 85 patients with chronic periodontal disease, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha value. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to find out the validity. Similarly, Cohen’s kappa values were used to find out the agreement among the responses in the test-retest process. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to find out the consistency among the questionnaire with a 95% confidence interval. Results The internal consistency was found to be good for the translated and validated questionnaire to use in the Nepali hospital (Cronbach’s alpha value = 0.868, range = 0.85–0.86). The pre-and post-test Cohen’s kappa value showed good to almost perfect consistency of agreement (Cohen’s kappa value = 0.788–0.958). Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the total OHIP-14-PD Nepali version was 0.585. The intraclass coefficient for the total OHIP-14-PD Nepali version was 0.868 (95% CI = 0.823–0.906). Conclusion The Nepali language version OHIP-14-PD is a reliable, content/construct validated tool which can be used to find out the impact of periodontal disease on OHRQoL.