Attitudes and Coping Strategies toward Constipation in Individuals with Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the attitudes and coping strategies of cancer patients toward constipation using a qualitative approach. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological design. Between February and June 2024, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 cancer patients experiencing constipation in the oncology unit of a hospital. Participants were also evaluated using a demographic information form and the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis to identify emerging themes. Results: Four main themes were identified: physical effects, psychological effects, social and lifestyle impacts, and coping strategies. Physical effects included abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, and mobility limitations. Psychological effects were expressed as irritability, stress, and feelings of helplessness. Social effects were described as reduced participation in daily activities and social withdrawal. Coping strategies included behavioral approaches such as fluid intake, fiber-rich diet, walking, and psychological strategies like positive thinking and family support. It was also found that some participants did not use any particular coping methods. Conclusion: This study revealed that constipation in individuals diagnosed with cancer causes significant effects not only physically but also psychologically and socially. Participants' experiences indicated a notable decline in quality of life due to constipation. The findings suggest that supportive care plans tailored to individual needs may be beneficial.