Plant-Based Meat Alternatives in Organic and Sustainable Food Systems: A Systematic Review of Consumer Perceptions

Despite the potential of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) to support organic and sustainable food systems, their consumer adoption rates fall short of projections aligned with global sustainability targets. To investigate this discrepancy, the current systematic literature review (SLR) provides a comprehensive analysis of factors shaping consumer perceptions and acceptance of PBMAs within organic food value chains. A total of 35 studies, published between 2010 and 2024, were identified, analyzed, and summarized. The analysis revealed that health benefits, environmental concerns, and animal welfare are primary drivers of PBMA adoption, particularly among younger, educated consumers. For example, studies comparing organic and conventional consumers found organic buyers exhibit stronger environmental values and greater willingness to pay premium prices for PBMAs. Conversely, sensory preferences (taste, texture), higher costs, cultural resistance to meat reduction, and skepticism about ultra-processing emerged as critical barriers. Notably, the review highlights tensions between technological innovations (e.g., 3D printing.) and organic principles, raising questions about processing standards in PBMA development. Regional disparities were also evident: European consumers prioritized sustainability certifications, while Asian markets responded more to health claims. Findings underscore the need for targeted strategies such as improved sensory profiles, transparent labeling, and affordability policies to bridge the gap between PBMA potential and consumer adoption. The review identifies key research avenues, including longitudinal studies on dietary shifts and socio-economic analyses of PBMA value chains, to advance their role in sustainable food systems.