Design and Implementation of Output Buffer in a 14nm CMOS

This work presents the design and implementation of a single-ended (SE) transmitter (TX) as part of a high-speed input/output (HSIO) interface, developed using 14nm FinFET technology. The proposed transmitter is integrated into a wire bond packagefor FPGA systems, addressing a range of design challenges across multiple stages of development. It supports multiple I/O standards and operates reliably at frequencies up to 533 MHz, making it well-suited for memory interface applications. To enable compatibility with diverse system requirements, the design employs thick-oxide transistors, supporting I/O supply voltages from 1.2V to 1.8V. Special attention is given to robustness, with the driver exhibiting low sensitivity to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, and maintaining a near-linear output resistancewith only ±15% variation across the output voltage range. Additionally, the transmitter features programmable output and input impedance, configurable from 25Ω to 50Ω for transmit and 50Ω to 100Ω for receive paths, enabling effective transmission line impedance matching.