Gc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers
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Coccidiosis is a deadly disease that interferes with the efficiency and well-being of chickens. This disease is caused by a parasite of the genus Eimeria, which has seven known species affecting different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens. It is a major menace to the global poultry industry and this has resulted in the need to explore alternative treatment options. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-coccidial potential of the ethanol crude extracts of Solanum dasyphylum fruit plants used in the treatment of poultry diseases and identify the phyto- constituents using GC-MS technique. Three different concentrations of the ethanol crude extract of Solanum dasyphylum fruit were used, along with Amprolium (Standard drug) and Water (negative control). 2ml and 10ml of the extract were placed in separate petri dishes labelled A 1 -E 1 and A 2 -E 2 respectively. Approximately 0.5ml of 6 x 10 3 suspensions of unsporulated oocysts and sporulated oocysts were dispensed in the separate Petri dishes A 1 -E 1 and A 2 -E 2 . The set up was allowed to stay for 48hrs for unsporulated and 72hrs for sporulated at room temperature, semi-covered with periodic homogenization. 0.1ml suspension of each dilution was examined microscopically after 24 and 48 hours for inhibition of sporulation and 72 hours for damaged oocysts in A 2 -E 2 . Number of non-sporulated, and deformed oocysts per 100 oocysts were counted respectively. The crude ethanol extract of S. dasyphyllum leaves were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results : The different extract concentrations had anti-coccidial activities and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the efficacies of the different concentrations (25, 50 and 100mg/ml) compared to the negative control. 100mg/ml exerted the greatest percentage (448) (95.1%), (324) (93.2%) and (330) (92.10%) oocyst lethality. The observed efficacy was concentration dependent. GC-MS analysis showed 6 prominent bioactive compounds, all of which are known to have anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti- fungal properties. This study therefore elucidates the potentials of the Solanum dasyphyllum plant as a good source of bioactive compounds and the in-vitro results shows that the extract significantly inhibits oocyst sporulation in a dose –dependent manner.
