Evaluation of the Possible Protective Effect of Garlic Oil Against Deleterious Effects Induced by Sodium Nitrate in Rats

Background Sodium nitrate, a common food additive, can harm health when consumed excessively. It can cause oxidative stress in the body, leading to harmful impacts, especially on the liver. Garlic, on the other hand, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effect of garlic oil against the deleterious effects induced by sodium nitrite in rats. Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups. One group received a normal diet (negative control). The other groups received sodium nitrate alone (positive control) and together with varying garlic oil doses (2%, 4%, or 6%) for 28 days. The biological evaluation was carried out. The serum was taken out and assessed for biochemical parameters. The liver was removed for histological examination. Results Compared to the control group, rats treated with sodium nitrate alone showed decreased body weight gain, food intake, and altered blood chemistry, indicating liver damage. Additionally, they exhibited signs of anemia. Garlic oil supplementation, particularly at high doses (4% and 6%), improved these parameters significantly. Conclusion This study suggests that garlic oil may protect against the adverse effects of sodium nitrate, warranting further research into its mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications in humans.