Ultrasound-Assisted Green Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles Using Natural Polymer Supports

The advent of click chemistry has significantly accelerated the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, key structures found in numerous biologically active and pharmaceutical compounds. Click reactions can be notably enhanced by employing ultrasonic irradiation and supported catalysts. In this study, we report the development of an eco-friendly catalyst based on natural biopolymers, chitosan and shilajit, designed to facilitate an improved click chemistry protocol under ultrasonic conditions at room temperature. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirm the successful immobilization of copper species onto the polymer supports. This method offers several advantages, including the use of water as a green solvent, elimination of reducing agents, high catalytic efficiency, short reaction times, cost-effectiveness, and excellent catalyst recyclability.