Supernova-Based Redshift Duality Test with Standard ΛCDM Parameters

We propose a hybrid luminosity distance model that incorporates standard metric expansion alongside an additional redshift component, theoretically motivated by processes such as photon tunneling and the Breit–Wheeler process. This reinterpretation attributes part of the observed redshift to effective energy attenuation arising from an additional, possibly hidden, physical mechanism. Applied to the Pantheon+SH0ES Type Ia supernova dataset, the hybrid model—with the Planck-inferred parameters held fixed—was evaluated via least-squares regression and demonstrated superior statistical performance compared to the ΛCDM-only baseline, with ΔBIC = -6.67 and ΔAIC = -12.11. The attenuation coefficient, σₑ, representing the probability of quantum-induced photon loss per megaparsec, remains stable across redshift bins, implying a homogeneous effect. This minimal quantum–geometric hybrid framework offers a potential pathway toward alleviating the Hubble tension, while supporting the foundational assumptions of the ΛCDM model such as the constancy of ΩΛ and large-scale homogeneity. Moreover, it reveals hidden quantum contributions to cosmological observables.