Comparative assessment of toxicity effects of Alphacypermethrin and thiamethoxam on embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

In this work, we examined the developmental abnormalities inflicted on zebrafish embryos by two synthetic organic pesticides, namely alphacypermethrin (ACM) and thiamethoxam (TMX), which are known to be hazardous to a variety of organisms. By administering dosages of 5 µg/L to 160 µg/L to zebrafish eggs at 6 hours post-fertilization (hpf), we hoped to evaluate the in vivo toxicity of ACM and TMX. The high doses of ACM and TMX resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in premature hatching, with ACM exhibiting a significant effect at 48 hpf. Over a 96-hour observation period, we evaluated parameters such as hatching rate, embryo survival, heartbeat rate, and the presence of developmental abnormalities. In addition, we investigated into how ACM and TMX, particularly at higher doses, impacted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), necrosis, apoptosis, and skeletal damage. Histopathological evaluation for the larvae revealed abnormalities in the head, abdomen, and notochord region. Our findings demonstrate the different impacts of ACM & TMX by showing different degrees of toxicity on zebrafish embryos