Characterizing the All of Us Research Program's Wearables Dataset: A Transformative Resource for Digital Health Research

Digital health technologies are revolutionizing medical research, offering unprecedented insights into health monitoring and disease detection through continuous, real-world data collection. Here, we report the release of one of the largest and most demographically rich digital health technology (DHT) datasets as part of the All of Us Research Program. Through a historic device distribution effort, the program reached a broad range of participants nationwide, yielding a DHT dataset of unmatched demographic scope. This dataset contains Fitbit data from more than 59,000 participants spanning 14 years with over 39 million step observations and 31 million sleep observations. Nearly half (46%) of participants with Fitbit data also contributed electronic health records, physical measurements, genomics, and survey data. This transformative resource enables researchers to study relationships between digital health metrics and clinical outcomes, advancing DHT methodologies through its unprecedented size, broad representation, and multi-modal data linkage.