Serum CEA, CA199, NSE and Lipid Profile to Predict the Occurrence, Pathological Grade and Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Objective This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of CEA, CA199, NSE, and biochemical lipid metabolism indexes for pNET. Methods A total of 175 patients with pNET as experimental group and 88 relatively healthy patients as control group were enrolled in the study. CEA, CA199, NSE, TC, HDL-c and LDL-c level of blood, along with BMI, were collected from both groups and subjected to statistical analysis. A logistic regression analysis model was constructed, and the ROC curve was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of individual indicators with statistically significant differences, as well as the combined detection model, in predicting the occurrence, pathological grading, and metastasis of pNET. Results The levels of CEA, NSE, and LDL-c in the experimental group were higher than control group, whereas the level of HDL-c was lower than that in the control group. Among patients with pNET of varying pathological grades, statistically significant differences were observed in the occurrence of metastasis and the levels of CEA, CA199, NSE, and LDL-c. Patients with high-grade pNET exhibited elevated levels of CEA, CA199, NSE, TC, and LDL-c compared to those with low-grade pNET, and were more prone to metastasis. The number of male patients with metastatic pNET exceeded that of female patients. Furthermore, the levels of CEA, CA199, and NSE were higher in metastatic cases compared to non-metastatic cases. These differences are statistical significant. An increase in NSE levels and a decrease in HDL-c levels were identified as risk factors for the development of pNET. The AUCs for NSE and HDL-c were 0.899 and 0.666, respectively, both of which were lower than the AUC (0.911) of the combined diagnostic model. Additionally, elevated levels of CA199 and NSE were found as risk factors for both high-grade and metastatic pNET. The AUCs for CA199 and NSE in predicting high-grade pNET were 0.728 and 0.645, respectively, again lower than the AUC (0.765) of the combined diagnostic model. The AUCs for CA199 and NSE in predicting pNET metastasis were 0.693 and 0.651, respectively, while the AUC (0.689) of the combined diagnostic model did not demonstrate superiority over the individual models. Conclusion In conclusion, an increase in blood NSE level serves as a significant predictive indicator for the occurrence, pathological grading, and metastasis of pNET. While an increase in blood HDL-c level can predict the occurrence of pNET, it does not serve as a predictor for pathological grading or metastasis.