CDxM Cosmology: A Divergence-Based Reformulation of the Expanding Universe

This paper introduces a cosmological model in which the evolution of the universe is driven not by spatial expansion but by the divergence of temporal coherence. In the Coherence–Divergence Model (CDxM), gravitational structure defines the present, and time is reinterpreted as a local curvature away from this coherence. The entropy divergence field E(t) replaces the scale factor, and its derivative dE/dt replaces the Hubble parameter. We reformulate the Friedmann equations accordingly, derive redshift and luminosity distance relationships, and demonstrate alignment with supernova data and late-universe acceleration—without invoking dark energy. The CDxM framework preserves observational structure while replacing metric inflation with ontological divergence, and offers a new path for resolving the Hubble tension.