Leiomyomatosis with Multiple Atypical Growth Patterns: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background : Uterine leiomyomas are the most common uterine tumors. Among them, there are three types of uterine leiomyomas with abnormal growth patterns, namely intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL), benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML), and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL). Here, we present a case of leiomyoma with multiple abnormal growth patterns and discuss the occurrence and treatment of the disease. Case Presentation : A 45-year-old woman with chronic dull pain in the lower abdomen and a history of laparoscopic myomectomy. During the treatment process, the patient underwent three lesion resection surgeries, including total hysterectomy and intestinal tumor resection, resection of the right upper diaphragmatic tumor and wedge resection of the right upper lung, and robot-assisted laparoscopic resection of the right retroperitoneal tumor. Multiple pathologies confirmed benign leiomyomas. No medication was given after surgery, and follow-up was meaningless. Conclusion : Uterine leiomyomas with unusual growth patterns are rare. Although they are histologically benign tumors in most cases, they can metastasize outside the uterus through various mechanisms. Pathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing the disease, and surgery is the preferred treatment. The prognosis for this type of disease is usually good.