Sequential Multidisciplinary Protocol for Dental Implant Rehabilitation in Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Clinical Case Report

Background: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disorder affecting ectoderm-derived structures (teeth, skin, sweat glands), characterized by marked heterogeneity in oral manifestations, including congenital multiple tooth agenesis, abnormal residual tooth morphology, severe alveolar ridge atrophy, and sagittal discrepancy of the jaws. These complex anatomic-functional defects result in reduced masticatory efficiency, impaired speech clarity, and aesthetic concerns (e.g., midface collapse, insufficient lip/cheek support), further contributing to psychosocial maladjustment. Currently, multidisciplinary sequential intervention-through precise anatomical reconstruction and biomechanically optimized occlusal design-provides a reliable long-term therapeutic approach, demonstrating superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional prosthodontic solutions. Case presentation: Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed multifocal dental agenesis at sites 12-16, 22-26, 34-35, 42, and 44-46, accompanied by alveolar bone dysplasia characterized by knife-edge ridges. Following interdisciplinary orthodontic preparation, implant placement was performed in the edentulous regions, succeeded by the delivery of an implant-supported fixed prosthesis. Postoperative radiographic evaluation demonstrated significant bone augmentation outcomes with optimal osseointegration and marginal bone resorption limited to <0.5mm. Conclusion: At the 12-month follow-up post-rehabilitation, significant improvements in oral function and psychosocial well-being were observed. All implants achieved 100% survival rate, with probing depth (PD)<3mm, bleeding on probing (BOP)<15%, and masticatory efficiency exceeding 90%. Aesthetic outcomes were rated as favorable based on the Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score criteria. The simultaneous hard and soft tissue augmentation protocol combined with implant-supported fixed rehabilitation proved to be an effective therapeutic strategy for congenital ectodermal dysplasia, achieving stable functional and aesthetic outcomes. This approach provides a reliable reference for managing similar cases with complex anatomical deficits.