Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and radiological characteristics of mandibular supernumerary teeth (ST)in non-syndromic populations, providing a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis and management. Materials and Methods : Medical records and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to identify patients with mandibular ST at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2022 and June 2024. All relevant data, including etiology, epidemiological features, and clinical/radiographic characteristics, were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results : A total of 85 patients with 153 mandibular ST were included with a male-to-female ratio of 1.18:1. A total of 91.76% of cases occurred in the permanent dentition, with the age group concentrated between 13 and 35 years. The mandibular ST predominantly exhibited a supplemental morphology (75.82%), with the majority displaying incomplete root development (85.62%) and a preference for the premolar region. Complications were observed in 49.02% of cases, most of which were irreversible (such as root dilaceration and absorption of the roots of adjacent teeth). Most of the mandibular ST (93.46%) were classified as Late Developing Supernumerary Teeth (93.46%), originating from the third dentition. Conclusions: Mandibular ST in non-syndromic patients typically presents as single, supplemental, lingually vertically impacted, located in the premolar region, and is associated with a variety of complications. The third dentition is the main cause of mandibular ST. Clinical Relevance: These results are beneficial for a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mandibular ST, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimized therapeutic outcomes.