Exploring Multilevel Governance Strategies in Australia and Brazil for Marine Plastic Solutions

Marine plastic pollution is a current and highly visible environmental problem. The increase of marine litter is a result of the transformations experienced by humanity, whether economic, political, cultural or institutional. It is a global problem that causes impacts at the local scale. Each country has its peculiarity and presents unique strategies to face marine plastic litter, the multidimensional nature of this issue requires responses at multiple geographic and jurisdictional levels. Due to its diffuse origin, and different ways of this litter reaching the ocean, the problem involves different actors and sectors, demanding a complex institutional arrangement to solve the problem. The study analyses 29 policies and practices adopted by both countries and leans on the innovative approaches that can be adapted or transferred to other federative systems in similar situations. The research identifies key challenges and opportunities for improved governance and more effective responses to marine plastic pollution through a comparison of policies and strategies across countries.