The association between smoking and the occurrence of Overactive Bladder (OAB) in United States Adults

Background: The majority of previous epidemiological studies examining the association between smoking and the occurrence of Overactive Bladder (OAB) rely on questionnaires, which is insufficient for accurately assessing participants' actual smoke exposure. What’s more, there is a dearth of research investigating the correlation between smoke metabolites and OAB currently. Objective: This study explores the connections between smoking and overactive OAB by evaluating the levels of nicotine metabolites and aromatic amines. Methods: This study utilized pertinent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database to evaluate two major categories of smoke exposure-related products: urinary nicotine metabolites and urinary aromatic amines. Furthermore, it employed multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between these substances and OAB and the severity of OAB was assessed by an ordinal regression model with OABSS. Simultaneously, subgroup analyses were performed based on age, gender, and BMI categories. To enhance result precision, we generated fitting curves to examine the relationship between the identified substances and OAB, and assessed TNE) direct and indirect effects using figure representation. Results: Both types of substances exhibit a certain level of correlation with OAB, particularly urinary nicotine, which demonstrates a strong positive correlation with both OAB and OABSS. In contrast, the correlation between urinary aromatic compounds and OABSS is considerably weaker. Additionally, cotinine, THE, and 1-aminonaphthalene display saturation effects in relation to OAB. Significance: The analysis of two substance classes, cotinine and aromatic amines, revealed a positive correlation between their exposure and a higher incidence of OAB. Young adults (<40), middle-aged adults (40-60), and women are identified as high-risk groups with increased sensitivity development of OAB after cotinine and aromatic amines exposure.