Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies

Background Recent literature lacks comprehensive clinical data on supernumerary teeth in the premolar region, and only a few isolated case reports have provided limited information. This study examined the incidence and clinical characteristics of 285 supernumerary teeth in the premolar region in 198 individuals. Materials and Methods This retrospective study screened for nonsyndromic premolar supernumerary teeth in a cohort of 108,862 people aged 5 to 20 years (55,472 males and 53,390 females) through the evaluation of panoramic and related radiographic examinations conducted between January 2013 and December 2023. The chi-square test was employed for trend analysis. Results The incidence of nonsyndromic premolar supernumerary teeth among 108,862 individuals was 0.18% (285 supernumerary teeth in 198 cases). A statistically significant (p < 0.05) male predominance was observed, with 117 cases in males and 81 cases in females. Premolar supernumerary teeth were most frequently located in the mandibular arch (73.73% of cases), while 20.21% of cases involved the maxillary arch, and 6.06% involved both arches. The number of premolar supernumerary teeth in the mandible (158) was significantly higher than the number in the maxilla (52) (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the distribution of the teeth between the left and right sides (p > 0.05). The majority (68.18%) presented as a single tooth. Notably, 23 cases (0.21‰ of the total patient population) exhibited late-developing supernumerary teeth. Conclusion The incidence of premolar supernumerary teeth was 0.18% in this cohort. Supernumerary teeth in the premolar region exhibited a male predominance and were most frequently found in the mandibular arch. The majority (> 60%) of premolar supernumerary teeth presented as a single tooth.