Subjective and objective knowledge as predictors of criminal justice participation: A mediation model in Japan

This study investigates the influence of subjective and objective knowledge on criminal justice participation (CJP) in Japan, focusing on the mediating role of internal efficacy. Based on survey data from 884 adults, structural equation modeling revealed that subjective knowledge significantly affects CJP through internal efficacy and intention, while objective knowledge exhibited no significant total effect. These findings suggest that individuals’ belief in their own knowledge—regardless of its accuracy—are more likely to engage in CJP,. This raises concerns about criminal justice policies being disproportionately influenced by perceived rather than actual knowledge. This study highlights the need for public education and media literacy to foster more informed participation, ensuring that policies are shaped by well-founded knowledge rather than misconceptions.