Kidney Dysfunction and its Determinants among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients; A Cross-sectional Study in the Obuasi East Municipality of Ghana

Background : The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally, leading to an increase in diabetic kidney disease. About 20-40% of diabetic patients develop chronic kidney disease, which poses a burden on patient management. Kidney dysfunction can be prevented if the predisposing factors are identified and controlled. Also, effective management interventions can be instituted if detected early. Objective : This cross-sectional study assessed kidney dysfunction and its determinants among type 2 diabetics. Methods : Two hundred and four (204) participants were recruited. Blood samples were collected, serum creatinine measured and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated. Data on demographics, medical history, and lifestyle factors, were collected through structured questionnaires. Results : The prevalence of kidney dysfunction was 32.35%, with 23.5% presenting hyperfiltration and 8.82% showing decreased GFR (<90 mL/min/1.73m²). Sex, history of alcohol consumption, and treatment with glimepiride or tamsulosin were associated with abnormal GFR (p<0.05). Male patients had significantly higher odds of developing low GFR, while patients on glimepiride had significantly higher odds of developing high GFR. However, past alcohol consumers showed lower odds of developing kidney dysfunction. Conclusion : These findings underline the need for targeted interventions to manage and prevent the progression of kidney dysfunction to chronic kidney disease in this population.